Tiếng anh quản trị kinh doanh phần 3

Unit 1: Economic activity 19 nature n bản chất, tự nhiên non- agricultural adj không thuộc nông nghiệp person Friday n nhân viên văn phòng photocopier n máy sao chụp produce v sản xuất provide v cung cấp purchase v mua, tậu, sắm pursue v mưu cầu seafreight hàng chở bằng đường biển senior accounts clerk n kế toán trưởng service n dịch vụ shorthand n tốc ký substituable adj có thể thay thế sum-total n tổng transform v chuyển đổi, biến đổi, thay đổi undertake v trải qua utility n độ thoả dụng well-being adj phúc lợi CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES Exercise 1: Read the following passage and do the exercises Competitive market capitalism contains two major decision-making units whose actions are coordinated through market exchange. The first is the business firm, which buys resources from households and transforms resource inputs into outputs of products and services that it sells to households. The second is the household, which owns and sells resources to firms and purchases outputs from them. The two kinds of market relations, as well as the two basic units of economic decesion- making, are interdependent. The demand for resource inputs is derived from the demand for final products because firms produce to sell (at a profit) to consumers. Resource inputs, in turn, are required to create outputs. Consumers are able and willing to purchase products because they have incomes. Consumers obtain income through the sale or loan of their resource to firms, who in turn organize and coordinate factors of production to produce outputs from these outputs. Competitive market captalism is based on some basic assumptions. One assumption is that both firms and households desire to maximize their economic well-being through market Unit 1: Economic activity 20 exchange. Business firms are assumed to pursue profit maximization and households try to maximize utility or satisfaction. Both try to buy at the lowest possible price (for a given quality of goods) and to sell at the highest possible price. The other major assumption is that markets are competitive, which means there are many buyers and sellers, products are substituable, buyers and sellers have a lot of knowledge of the market and resources are able to move freely between users. Exercise 1.1: Answer the following questions based on the above text 1. What are the two majors decision-making units which market capitalism contains? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. How are the actions of business firms and households coordinated? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. From whom does the business firm buy resources and sell outputs? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. What does the demand for resource inputs depend on? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. What do firms do with the resources they buy from households? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. How can consumers get money to buy products sold buy firms? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. What do both households and business firms do through market exchange? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. What does it mean that “market are competitive”? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 1.2: Read the text again and decide these statements are true (T) or false (F) 1. Business firms and households are independent of eachother. 2. Firms and households are boh buyers and sellers. 3. Demand for the products of a firm depend on the demand for the resources. 4. Knowledge of the market is not necessary for a competitive market. 5. Households organize and coordinate factors of production to produce outputs. Exercise 1.3: Read the text again and try to find out these relative pronouns in italic stand for which words in the text. 1. Whose (paragraph 1): …………………………………………………………………… 2. Which (paragraph 1): …………………………………………………………………… 3. Which (paragraph 1): …………………………………………………………………… Unit 1: Economic activity 21 4. Who (paragraph 2): …………………………………………………………………… 5. Which (paragraph 3): …………………………………………………………………… Exercise 2: Read the text and answer the following questions. Economics is a science. This science is based upon on the facts of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday lives. They study the system which affects our lives. The economists try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live. He tries to explain how the system works. His method should be objective and scientific. We need food, clothes and shelter. If we could get food, clothes and shelter without working, we probably would not work. But even when we have these essential things, we may want other things. If we had them, these other things (like radios, books and toys for the children) might make life more enjoyable. The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs and wants. It is not just concerned with basic needs like food, clothes and shelter. 1. What is economics? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. What is it based upon? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. What two things do economists study? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. What do they try to do? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. What do they try to explain? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. What should the methods of the economists be like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. What three essential things do we need? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. What would happen if we could get these essentials without working? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. What might make life more enjoyable? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. What is economics concerned with? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 3: Translate the reading passage in exercise 2 into Vietnamese. Unit 1: Economic activity 22 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 4: Put the right word in the banks in these sentences. Economy, economics, economic, economical, economically, economists 1. Marx and Keynes are two famous ………………………….. 2. Those people are studying the science of ………………………… 3. We sometimes call a person’s work his ……………….. activity 4. People should be very …………………. with the money they earn. 5. The economic system of a country is usually called the national …………………. 6. The people in that town live very…………………….. Exercise 5: Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F), and if they are false say why. The science of economics is based upon the facts of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are part. They try to describe the facts of our economy in which we live, and explain how it all works. The economist’s methods should of course be strictly objective and scientific. We need food, clothes and shelter. We probably would not go to work if we could satisfy these basic needs without working. But even when we have satisfied such basic needs, we may still want other things. Our lives may be more enjoyable if we had such things as radios, books and toys for the children. Human beings certainly have a wide and very complex range of wants. The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs: it is concerned with the desire to have a radio as well as the basic necessity of having enough food to eat. 1. Economics is a scientific study. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Economists try to understand only part of the economic system. Unit 1: Economic activity 23 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. If we could satisfy our basic need without working, we would still work. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Radios, books and toys are basic commodities. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The range of human wants is very complex. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Clothes and shelter are non-essential human needs. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Economic studies are essentially non-scientific. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Economists study the general life of our communities. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 6: Translate the text in the exercise 5 into Vietnamese ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 7:Combine these pair of sentences, using which Example: That is the garage. In that garage the new car is kept. That is the garage in which the new car is kept. 1. Economics is a science. In that science everything must be studied in an objective way. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. The USSR has a system. In that system central planning is very important. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Unit 1: Economic activity 24 3. The USA has an economy. In that economy gevernment planning is limitted to quite a small area. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Marxism proposes a special economic system. In that system collective needs are more important than individual needs. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The British have a certain way of life. In that way of life private enterprise and private ownership of property are very important. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. The Americans and the British have separate ideologies. In these ideologies there are similar points. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 8: Below are two lists. Pair off each word in the first list with its opposite in the second list. A B theoretical local private maximum individual selling mineral complex capitalistic communistic simple organic buying collective minimum public national practical KEY TO UNIT 1 Text 1.1 Hầu hết mọi người làm việc để kiếm sống. Họ làm ra hàng hoá và dịch vụ. Hàng hoá hoặc được sản xuất ở các trang trại như ngô và sữa, hoặc ở trong các nhà máy như ô tô và giấy. Dịch vụ được cung cấp bởi các trường học, bệnh viện và các cửa hàng. Unit 1: Economic activity 25 Một số người cung cấp hàng hoá, một số cung cấp dịch vụ. Một số khác cung cấp cả hàng hoá và dịch vụ. Ví dụ, ở trong cùng một garage, người ta cũng có thể mua ô tô hoặc cũng có thể mua một dịch vụ nào đấy để bảo dưỡng ô tô. Công việc con người làm được gọi là hoạt động kinh tế. Các hoạt động kinh tế tạo nên hệ thống kinh tế. Hệ thống kinh tế là tổng cái con người làm ra và những cái họ cần. Công việc con người làm hoặc để cung cấp những cái họ cần hoặc để kiếm tiền. Con người dùng tiền để mua những hàng hoá cần thiết. Exercise 1 1. Most people work in order to earn their living. 2. They produce goods and services. 3. Goods are produced either on farms or in factories. 4. They provide services. 5. A man can buy a car or a service which helps him to maintain his car. 6. The work which people do is called their economic activity. 7. An economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what people want. 8. Work can provide either what they need or money. Exercise 2 1. He may buy a car. 2. We may want some more fruit tomorrow. 3. They may get the essential commodities soon. 4. The service may stop next month. 5. The garage may not sell that car to him. 6. The economic system may belong to a city, a whole country or the whole world. 7. The car may not belong to those people. 8. He may buy some service which will help him maintain his car. 9. He may see the car when he comes tomorrow. 10. He may provide what they need when he comes. Language practice Strucrure 1 Exercise 1 a. The goods which they need are essential. Unit 1: Economic activity 26 b. The schools and hospitals are essential.which they provide are essential. c. The goods which he buys are valuable. d. The money which people can earn buys essential commodities. e. The goods and services which people produce are very useful. f. The work which we do is called economic activity. g. The work which people do provides them with money. h. The economic activities which people undertake make up the economic system. Exercise 2 a. I saw the man who closed the door. b. The girl who won the the race is happy. c. The student who sits next to me is from China. d. The students who sit in the front row are from China. e. We are studying sentences which (that) contains an adjective clause. f. I am using a sentence which (that) contains an adjective clause. g. Algebra problems contain letters which (that) stand for unknown numbers. h. The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly. Exercise 3 a. I appologized to the woman whose coffee i spilled. b. The man whose wallet was stolen called the police. c. I met the woman whose husband is the presidents of the corporation. d. The professor whose course I am taking is excellent. e. Mr. North teaches a class for students whose native language is not English. f. I come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years. g. The people whose house we visited were nice. h. I live in a dormitory whose residents come from many country. i. I have to call the man whose umbrella I accidently picked up after the meeting. j. The man whose beard caught on fire when he lit a cigarette poured a glass of water on his face. Structure 2 Exercise 1 Unit 1: Economic activity 27 a. national. b. natural c. educational d. commercial e. personal Text 1.2 Hầu hết con người làm việc để kiếm sống, sản xuất ra các hàng hoá và dịch vụ. Hàng hoá có thể là hàng nông nghiệp như ngô, sữa hoặc được sản xuất như ô tô và giấy. Các dịch vụ như giáo dục, y tế và thương mại. Một số người cung cấp hàng hoá; một số cung cấp dịch vụ. Một số khác cung cấp cả hàng hoá và dịch vụ. Ví dụ ở trong cùng một garage người ta có thể mua ô tô hoặc dịch vụ bảo dưỡng xe. Công việc con người làm được gọi là hoạt động kinh tế. Tất cả các hoạt động kinh tế tạo thành hệ thống kinh tế của một thị trấn, thành phố, một quốc gia hoặc thế giới. Hệ thống kinh tế là tổng thể những cái con người làm ra và những cái con người cần. Công việc con người làm hoặc để cung cấp những cái họ cần hoặc để kiếm tiền mua những hàng hoá cần thiết. Tất nhiên, hầu hết con người đều mong muốn kiếm được đủ tiền để mua các hàng hoá và dịch vụ không phải là thiết yếu nhưng để thoả mãn mong muốn cá nhân đặc biệt nào đó như đồ chơi cho trẻ em, đi xem chiếu bóng. Exercise 1 1. T 2. F / Goods are either agricultural or manufactured. 3. T 4. F / They are produced. 5. T 6. F / It is called economic activity. 7. T 8. F/ Economic system is the sum-total of what people do and want. 9. T 10. F / Most people hope to earn enough money to buy non-essential commodities and services. Exercise 2.1 a. The goods that they wanted were essential minerals. b. The schools and hospitals that they provide are essential. Unit 1: Economic activity 28 c. The goods that he buys are valuable. d. The money that the people earned bought many commodities. e. The goods and services that people produce are very useful. f. The work that we all do is call economic activity. g. The work that most people do provides them with money. h. The economic activities that people undertake make up the economic system of a town, city, country or larger area. i. The economic system that people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions. j. The work that he undertook was useful but non-essential. Exercise 2.2 a. The goods they wanted were essential minerals. b. The schools and hospitals they provide are essential. c. The goods he buys are valuable. d. The money the people earned bought many commodities. e. The goods and services people produce are very useful. f. The work we all do is call economic activity. g. The work most people do provides them with money. h. The economic activities people undertake make up the economic system of a town, city, country or larger area. i. The economic system people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions. j. The work he undertook was useful but non-essential. Listening: Introducing Transworld Exercise 1 1- f, h 2 – a, d, k 3 – l, p 4 – g 5 – b, e, j, m 6 – c, i, n 7 - o AB: Hello. You’re the new accounts clerk, aren’t you? My name’s Anne Bell. I do most of the secretarial work in the office. DT: Pleased to meet you, Miss Bell. I’m David Thompson AB: Please call me Anne.