Bài giảng Information Systems in Business - Chapter 4 Computer Software

Computer SoftwareChapter4McGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Learning ObjectivesDescribe several important trends occurring in computer software.Give examples of several major types of application and system software.Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.Define and describe the functions of an operating system.Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages.Describe the issues associated with open-source software.4-3Learning ObjectivesIntegrated PackagesCombine functions of several programsExamples: Microsoft Works, AppleWorksAdvantagesLower priceLess disk spacePre-installed on microcomputersDisadvantagesLimited functionalityGroupwareCollaborate on group assignmentsE-mail, discussion groups, databases, video conferencingLotus NotesNovell GroupWiseMicrosoft ExchangeSome allow teams to create websitesWindows SharePoint Services, WebSphereSoftware AlternativesOutsourcing DomesticOffshoreApplication service providers (ASPs)Companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and computer system resourcesUse the application for a fee over the InternetPay-as-you-goUse expected to accelerateSoftware AlternativesCloud computing – services over the internetNatural step from grid computing (Chapter 3)ApplicationsVirtualized hardware resourcesVendors of cloud servicesSAP Business ByDesign, Salesforce.com, Google Apps, MidlandHR’s “iTrent as a Service”AdvantagesLow barrier to entryCost SavingsMore powerful softwareCategories of Group SoftwareSystem Management ProgramsManage the resources of a computer systemExamples: Operating systemsNetwork management programsDatabase management systemsSystem utilitiesSystem Development ProgramsHelps develop IS programs and procedures and then prepare them for processingLanguage translators and editorsCASE and programming toolsOperating SystemsIntegrated system of programs thatProvides interface between user and computerManages the operations of the CPUControls the input/output, storage resources, and activities of the computer systemProvides support for application programsLoaded first before other tasksPopular Operating SystemsWindowsGUI, multitasking, networking, multimediaMicrosoft’s operating systemNT, XP, 2003, Vista, Windows 7Different versions manage serversWindows Server 2008Based on VistaRelease 2 to correct performance and security issuesPopular Operating SystemsUnixAT&TMultitasking, multi-user, network-managingPortable across computer sizesLinuxLow-cost, powerful, reliable Similar to Unix-likeOpen-sourceFlexibleMultiple machinesOpen-Source Licensing CharacteristicsThe Program Must allow distribution ofSource codeCompiled formThe LicenseShall not restrict selling or giving awayMust allow modificationsMust allow distribution May restrict modified source code Must not discriminateMust not restrict other software distributed along with the licensed softwareApplication virtualizationAllows software to run on a different operating system. AdvantagesOne machine acts like multiple machinesReduces the number of computers neededEnergy savingsUse software from multiple vendorsWeb LanguagesHTMLHypertext documents for the WebXMLIdentifying tags or contextual labelsDigital publishingCheaper, fasterJavaObject-oriented Simple, secure, and platform independentJava applets on any computerJEE6 – Java Enterprise Edition 6Microsoft .NETProgramming ToolsHelp identify and minimize errorsGraphical programming interfacesProgramming editorsDebuggersCASE ToolsHelp in the software development process. Combine many programming tools into a single application with a common interfaceUsed in different stages of the systems development process